Stem Cells -- Ethics, Research, and Regulation Essay -- Embryonic Stem

Stem Cells -- Ethics, Research, and Regulation I. Introduction: â€Å"Embryonic stem cell research offers both great promise and great peril.† - President George W. Bush, Aug. 9, 2001 Stem cell research is not new but only recently has it become widely known to the public because the benefits of the technology are coming closer to reality; the field of stem cell biology is advancing at an incredible pace with new discoveries being reported in scientific literature on a weekly basis. Scientists first announced a method of growing embryonic stem cells in a laboratory in 1981, but the cells were from a mouse. It wasn’t until five years ago that James Thomson (pictured to the leftP3) at the University of Wisconsin- Madison announced that he was able to isolate cells from the blastocyst of an early embryo.5 From research he gathered in the fields of applied reproductive biology and mouse embryology, he was able to develop the first human embryonic stem cell lines. At the same time as Mr. Thomson, John Gearhart (pictured to the rightP4)reported the first derivation of human embryonic germ cells from the primordial germ cells located inside the fetal gonadal tissu e that is key in the development of eggs and sperm. Dr. Gearhart, working at Johns Hopkins University with other prominent stem cell researchers, was then able to develop pluripotent stem cell lines by isolating stem cells from early human embryos and grow them in culture. Most recent research is focusing on two types of stem cells: pluripotent cells and adult stem cells that have been in clinical use for use but just recently were discovered to be able to develop into cells that have many of the characteristics of neurons. But even with all the information known alrea... ... the National Bioethics Advisory Commission. 4. National Institutes of Health Online. 27 August 2001. National Institutes of Health Update. 5. National Institutes of Health Online. September 2002. Stem Cell Primer. Pictures related to topic may be foud at: P1. http://www.americanfieldguide.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec01/stem_cells.html P2. http://www.stemcellresearch.org/ P3. http://www.jsonline.com/lifestyle/people/aug01/jamie05080201.asp P4. http://www.stemcellresearchfoundation.net/Research/Gearhart.htm P5. http://www.nih.gov/news/stemcell/primer.htm P6. http://www.klaj.nu/bilder/glasyrkonst/embryo.jpg P7. http://organtx.org/images/stem%20cells%20022301.jpg P8. http://www.firstivf.com/ivf.htm

Manipulation of Psychology in Macbeth Essay

The play Macbeth highlights William Shakespeare’s own opinions on correlations between committing unethical deeds and the manipulation of a person’s psychology. While modern psychological research did not appear until the late 1800s it is evident that with the help of his son-in-law John Hall (a man who introduced one of the first psychological concepts of hypochondriac melancholy), Shakespeare was able to use many psychological abnormalities to highlight that partaking in evil changes the mind. But this little knowledge has left plenty of room for ambiguity in Macbeth and has resulted in many modern debates to arise over differing interpretations of the play. One interpretation details Shakespeare wished to show to his audience that mental illness will form within them if they commit a particularly sinful act. While Shakespeare did not know the official diagnosis of mental disorders such as schizophrenia or bi-polar Robert Munro states within his Lady Macbeth: A Psychological Sketch that ‘which a knowledge of psychology which was far in advance of his time†¦ e always speaks of the abnormal conditions of the mind with marvellous accuracy’. In Act 5 a doctor comments on Lady Macbeth’s sleep walking saying ‘unnatural deeds / Do breed unnatural troubles; infected minds/ To their deaf pillows will discharge their secrets’. This comment upon her case of what the responders of the time knew as Severe Somnambulism is the pinnacle of Shakespeare ’s claim that guilt from an unethical deed will result in an ill mind. The darkened stage and inclusion of a taper as a prop in Lady Macbeths’ hands helps to illustrate for the responders the issue of her mind falling into symbolic darkness as she struggles to cope with the guilt caused by her deeds. Also personification of deaf pillows is used by Shakespeare to show that her unusual habits of sleepwalking places Lady Macbeth in an isolated situation as she cannot tell anyone the cause of her troubles. Munro also states ‘As to somnambulism, the most incredible views were held [by Elizabethans]†¦ it was regarded as a prophetic†¦ state in which the subjects were believed to be under the influence of angles or demons’. This contextual evidence provides insight into how Shakespeare would have terrified his responders through the inclusion of a disease in which they feared; developing within Lady Macbeth as a result of her deeds. Hence Macbeth is often said to demonstrate that individuals will inevitably succumb to the maladies of the mind if they commit acts frowned upon by society and God. Another psychological correlation with unethical deeds is not one that is a result of them but in fact is the cause of them. Some interpret the play as Macbeth and Lady Macbeth being motivated to murder by a monomania-desire for children. Munro states ‘it was clearly the intention of Shakespeare to represent them†¦ n the attitude of one suffering from the effects of an ever-increasing monomania’ This is first seen in Act 1 before the murder occurs, Lady Macbeth says ‘I have given suck and know/ How tender ‘tis to love the babe that milks me’ before she says ‘I would, while it was smiling in my face, / have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums / and dashed the brains out, had I so sworn / As you have done to this’. This juxtaposition of love and hatred towards an innoce nt symbol such as a child highlights a deep conflict of emotion occurring within her and provides reasons that she may not have had success with raising a healthy child. Lexical choice of the word tender still highlights her desire for a child which raises a thought within responders that attempting to become king and queen is their effort to become symbolic parents for a nation. Then throughout the play murder follows Macbeth wherever he becomes jealous for the fertility of others such as Macduff’s children and the chance that Banquo’s children will become successive kings. Freud effectively sums up the famous quote by Macduff ‘He has no children! ’ in Act 4 when his family is murdered as ‘Only because he himself is childless could he murder my children’. Once again this recurring imagery throughout the play continues when in Act 4 Shakespeare uses the character of a bloody child to confront Macbeth which can be interpreted by responders as the child of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth who is assumed to have died of still birth or unnatural causes. Uses of these props and characters which reiterate the theme of family and children throughout the play create a strong motif which the Elizabethan audience could relate to as family values were significantly important. Hence Shakespeare uses this growing obsessive frustration at the inability to have a family within Macbeth and Lady Macbeth as a the motivation for their multiple acts of the unethical deed of murder. Therefore Shakespeare shows correlations in Macbeth between changing psychological patterns in Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and unethical deeds such as murder through cause and effect. Cause being a monomania frustration causing more unethical deeds to be committed. The effect being the development of mental illness which can cause somnambulism within an individual as a result of committing a crime.

Similarities Between Black Man And White Woman In Dark...

Many often say the decisions are only black and white, but a lot of times there is only gray, especially while talking about a topic like abortion. â€Å"Black Man and White Woman in Dark Green Rowboat† written by Russel Banks and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† written by Ernest Hemingway, portray the true shades of gray abortion has. Although they contain some small differences, the similarities between â€Å"Black Man and White Woman in Dark Green Rowboat† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† are clear. Both stories were extremely similar in many ways. Some may even say that Russell Banks drew inspiration for his story from Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway and Banks wanted to portray the message of right and wrong decisions. Even though they are both†¦show more content†¦It is almost like the reader is sitting in the row boat with the black man and white woman, or at the bar in Spain with Jig and the American. When the reader feels involved, it b ecomes easier for them to understand and relate to the situation at hand. Even though both of these stories are very similar in most areas there are a couple differences involving a few details the authors did grant us. The first difference between the stories is the reversal of roles. Both of these stories have one of their main characters against the abortion. In â€Å"Black Man and White Woman in Dark Green Rowboat†, it is the man that states, â€Å"I wish I could just leave you here,† (pg. 66). He is indicating that he wants to leave her on the island, where they are fishing, so she is not able to get the abortion procedure done. In â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, we see that Jig is against giving up the child, but she feels as though her companion will not love her. He begins to make promises about giving her everything she needs and loving her even more if she proceeds to abort the child. The second difference between these stories, is the details of social class. Although it is not the most important detail about the characte rs, it still holds key information about the types of people they are. In Hemingway’s story the characters are of a higher class. They are able to travel the world, and when he is trying to persuade her to abort the child, he promisesShow MoreRelatedComparing and contrasting Hills like elepants by Hemingway and blackman and White Woman in a Dark Green rowboat using related commentaries1761 Words   |  8 Pagesthe short story Hills Like White Elephants, and Russell Banks the author of Blackman and White woman in a dark green Rowboat use literary techniques. Ann Charters says in appendix III of The Story and Its Writer, in all successful fiction characters come alive as individuals. They must materialize on the page through the accumulation of details about their appearance, actions, and responses, as seen, heard, and felt physical realities. Hemingway in Hills Like White Elephants. tells us littleRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesEmployees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 16.2. Some Practical Tips for Managing Conflicts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Table 17.1. New Principles of Management. . . . . . . . Table 17.2. Differences between Teams and Groups Table 17.3. Useful Roles Played on Teams . . . . . . . . Table 20.1. Schein’s General Managerial Competence Anchor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 . . . . . 179 . . . . . 183 . . . . . 193 . . . .